Packaging rosin



June 26, 1945. Q Q GlLLlCAN 2,378,920

` PACKAGING ROSIN Filed July 22, 1938 l 2 Sheets-Sheet l gnam/vbo@ www a 622km@ j@ fulf/ June l26, 1945. c. c. GlLLlcAN PACKAGING ROSIN Filed July 22, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June 26, 1945 rsoxsonvoaosm p i ,i Charles Crum Gillican, Homerville, Ga., assigner, bydirectandmcsneassignmentaofone-fhalf. Y

" l :o Neu neun Processing corporation, cleveland, Ohio, 'a corporation of Ollio. and one half to Filtered Rolin Products, Inc., Benedie Ga., a corporation of Delaware Application July 22, 1938, Serial No. 220,600

2 siam.' (craze-41) The present invention relates to the packaging of rosin produced from any of the prior art materials and by any of the prior art methods. The present invention is applicable to gum rosin `or to a rosin produced by steam distillation or T destructive distillation ofwood.

More specifically, the present invention comprises introducing hot liquid rosin into a cellulose base container. correlating the temperature at which the rosin is poured into the container with the absorption characteristics of the'container material, andmaintaining the temperature of the rosin within such a range as to facilto any summum extent. whore mor gusset type is employed it is theiplacedcn one of its broad sides. whereby the .rosin contento! `the `bag flows and substenaiiy ny deformation in the bag to thereby the tendency of the rosin tobe ablorbedbythe bag -and to be broken during dlscloeedinconf The present invention will be nection with the following drlvlingin which:

itate pouring while inhibiting any substantial l absorption of the rosin by and through the container to thereby inhibit the tendency of the container to stick to the rosin. Thereafter the open end of the container is sewed to close the s same and the sewn end is contactedl with a minnte-quantity of water'to cool and solidify the rosin at and adjacent to the sewnend of the ycontainer to thereby seal the container against seepage. The rosin content of thecontainer is thereafter cooled and solidified, the cooling and solidilying being accerelated by passing the container containing the rosin through a refrigerating chamber.

In carrying 'out the herein described invention,

it is proposed to introduce the liquid or molten rosin into a bag or container of theV character herein described, close the container or bag while .leaving the rosin content thereof free to change the shape of the bag when the latter is placed in a'rosin-i'iow positiomend `thereafter place the 1 bag while the rosin is in a liquid state in a, rosinl iiow position adapted to induce a change in shape of the, bag/whereby deformations in the bag are substantially eliminated and the tendency of the -Figure 1v isa diagrsmmsticside view ,showingv the packaging of rosin fromthe-primaryoooling vat together with associated auxiliary mecha- 2isxa perspective View of the rosin has assembled with the supporiing'frameaiter ithas y y been uned and sewed. Y

Figure 3`is aside view more or less diagram- 4 matically illustrating the deformation occurring .4

v2li

in the. bag `when rosin isintroduced into. the same. i H w L y Figure 4 is an end view illustrating the deformation occurring in the bag when the latter rosintojbe absorbed by the bag material and to d,be broken during handling is substantially presfi vented. In' one form ofthe invention, the bag after being closed, is ilattened out to induce a distribution or re-distribution of the rosin, said distribution of the rosin functioning to eliminate deformations in the bag. n

Preferably, a flow space is present in a bag of the multi-ply type, and when the now of the rosin is initiated, any tendency of the bag to crush and wrinkle is substantially reduced or eliminated. Ingeneral, it may be stated that the rosin is introduced' into a bag `disposed ln a supporting frame and the filling of the bag with the rosin y is stopped short of the open end of the bag. The

bag lthereafter is closed and removed from thek is positioned in the; supporting frame and rosin is introduced intothe bag. A

Figure 5 is a combined perspective viewrof the supporting frame after the latter has'been opened and the rosin bag from the supportingl frame for subsequent cooling and solidiiication. Figure 6 is a, diagrammatic view showing the manner in which the bags are assembled for cooling.

Figure 'l shows a stack of bags in storage. Figure 8 is a longitudinal cross sectional view on the lines HAofFlg. 2. Y v

Figure 9 is a cross sectional view illustrating the multi-ply character of the preferred the present invention.

Figure 10 is a perspective view ci a for packaging rosin.

`Iiigure 11 is a perspective view-ot 'a modliled form of the invention, showing' a carton in its supporting frame, and t Figure 12 is a perspectiveof a modified rosin supporting frame. l v

Referring to the drawings,

temperature, `approximately 210 F.' the turnen-` tine and the water present starts to ldistill over. i L

The turpentine and water is condensed usually by means of a worm condenser immersed'in a frame before the rosin is cooled and solidified 5,5 cooling bath, and the condensate is then passed and more 'speculi' cally to Figure ,1, rosin is distilled in stills i anda 2, aus suns bemgprsrenbly'neadby direct material seing disused, as for ex.' p

into a gravity separating tank where the water and turpentine separates into two layers, the water being the bottom layer and the turpentine being the upper layer. lThe distillation in stills I and 2 is continued until practically all of the water present in the material undergoing distillation is distilled ff. Additional water is added when the same necessary. There remains after distillation in the stills I and 2 molten rosin. It may be stated that usually after about v30 minutes, most of the original water *pres- 'ent in the oleo resin has been removed. The

still temperature at the beginning of the distillation step is around approximately 210 to 215 F. depending upon the character of the resin being distilled. This temperature is gradually increased until after about 30 minutes'has elapsed, the temperature of distillation is between approximately 220 and 230 F. when treating virgin oleo resin. and approximately 230 to 250 F. when treating old oleo resin. As stated, about one-half hour after the start of distillation, wa

ter is introducedinto stills I and 2, the function of thel water being to facilitate the distillation of the turpentine from the oleo resin. vAs the distilling step progresses, the distillation temperature is increased until towards the end of the distillation the temperature varies approximately between 290 to 350 F., the preferable upper tem.- perature being about 315 F. For some purposes,

it is quite desirable to have a high melting point rosin and in order to produce the same, it is necessary to substantially eliminate turpentine and water, and this may be attained by heating to approximately 350 F. v

-' While the distillation is desirably carried out under atmospheric pressure, it may be carried out ing vats and 5, said vats preferably containing straining means, although the straining means may be extraneous of the vats. From the vats 5 and 5, the-rosin is pumped by means of pumps 1 and 8 to a cooling vat 9. The conduits Ill and I I for conveying the rosin to the cooling vats are provided with steam jackets I3 and I 4 to facilitate'the flow of the rosin. From the cooling vat 9 the rosin passes to a paper bag I5, said paper bag being supported in a frame I9, the bag being adapted to receive the liquid rosin from the conduit I1 provided with a t valve I8. The supporting-frame I5 carrying the bag I5 is positioned on scalesv I9 so that when the bag has received its proper amount of rosin, which usually varies between 90 and 100 pounds, the supporting frame and bagcan be removed from the scales to the adjacent conveyor 20. It is to be noted that the upper portionY I5a of the bag projects above the top edges I6a ofthe supporting frame I6. The open end top portion of each bag travels along the conveyor 20 and passes under a stationary sewing machine head 2 I which sews the walls I5b and |5c together adjacent the end edges of the bag. The bag just before it passes under the sewing machine head 2| is open at its top end, and the operator abuts the bnoad side walls I5b and I5c together adjacent their upper end portion so as to facilitate the passage of the soabutted end portion of the bag through the sewing machine head. The bag is thereby sealed by virtue of a sewed seam 22. The bagl is then removed'from the supporting frame I6 and cooled, as will be more specifically hereinafter pointed'out.

Other materials similar to paper may be used, provided said materials have the characteristics typified by the paper of the present invention. In the preferred form of the invention, the bags utilized are gusseted and these gussets project inwardly when the bag is in a flat state, butupon opening of the bag, unfold and form the narrow side walls I5f and I5g, the broad sides being identified by the numerals I5b and I5c.

As hereinbefore stated, the bag I5 is placed in the supporting frame I6 and the bag andsupporting frame is placed on the scale I9 to receive the liquid rosin. from the conduit I1. The frame I8 comprises open side members 23 and 24 and open front and rear members 25 and 26.

These openings in the frame members are highly desirable as the liquid rosin in the bag I5 is thereby subjected to cooling by virtue of partial contact with the air during the time the bag is on the scales I9 and is passing on the conveyor for the purpose of sewing, and just prior to the time the bag is removed from the supporting frame I6 to allow for further cooling and solidiflcation.

As shown specifically in Figures 2 and 5, the front member 2,5 of the supporting frame I5 is in reality a hinged door hinged respectivelyat 21 i and 28. The front member 25 is further provided with fastening means for preventing said member from being opened until the proper opening time arrives. As shown, the door member 25 is provided withhooks 29 and 30 adapted to fit into the eyes 3| and 32 fastened upon the side wall 24.- The bags which have been found most satisfactory to carry out the present invention are about thirty-six (36) inches long and are provided with an inturned gusset, the total inturn on each side of the broad side walls of the bag being about one and seven-eighths (1%) of an inch, this inturned gusset being adapted to form narrow side walls of approximately three (3) inches when the bag is opened preparatory to filling with rosin.

The bag I5 is placed in the supporting frame I6, the latter being on the scale I9, and about one foot of the bag protrudes from the frame top edges I6a. The valve I8 is then opened and the liquid or molten rosin passes into the bag, and the latter is lled to about the level of the top edges I6a of the container I6. In practice, the bag is actually filled with liquid rosin to about an inch or two inches above the top edges I6a. If l the bag is filled too full, there is a tendency for the rosin to lick that portion of the broad sides I5b and I5c of the bag, which is above the top edges I6a of the supporting frame I5.. This introduces difficulties in sewing, as if the abuttingl faces of the side walls have rosin along the porsince if the bag I5 is filled to a higher point than the -top edges Ita, there is a, tendency for the bag to give away on one side and -allow the men to pass betweensuccessive rows of bags.

'ordinarily be absorbed by the bag material.

rosin to spill. As previously pointed out, the abutting side lwalls at or adjacent the top edges thereof are sewed together andthe -fllling of the 4Figure 5, that the bag must be removed quite promptly from the supporting frame Il. In other words, the rosin when it is initially passed into the bag l5, has a sumciently high temperature to maintain the rosin in a liquid state.

While some cooling occurs during the time the rosin passes from the scales I 9, then along the conveyor belt 20, where it is sewed and is finally removed from the conveyor 20, it is highly undesirable that the rosin content cool and solidify to such an extent as to prevent removal of the creases and deformation at the crushed lower portion of the bag. The supporting frame I6 together with the bag I5, after the bag has been filled with rosin and the abutting sides of the I bag have been sewn together adjacent its top portion. is removed as an entity from the conveyor 20 and taken to a convenient cooling yard or shed. Immediately thereafter the front door 25 of the supporting frame is opened and the bag i 5 is removed from the supporting frame and placed on any even medium which will absorb heat. Since the rosin is in a liquid state and the pressure of the rosin is evenly distributed throughout the container, the deformed lower portion of the bag assumes a rounded contour, such as shown in Figures 5 and 7, and moreover, the creases are removed. Further, the distribution of the rosin produces a flat package facilitating easy storage by using a minimum of space.

The flat shaped package facilitates the stacking vof the packages preparatory to shipment, and

further during shipment prevents the package from moving around, and in this way reduces breakage to a minimum. These bags stack readily in a box car or a truck.

Successive packages I5 are laid side to side! in row A and another series of bags'are disposed in row- B, with a. lane L between the rows of bags. this lane being for the purpose of allowing work- It is to be notedthat the bags are not laid on the y cooling floor-with the narrow sides of any two bags touching. -because this does exert a tendency for the rosin to be absorbed by the bag sides even if poured ata temperature at which it would not l otherwords, by assembling the bags with an air passage-adjacent successive narrow bag sides, air currents are allowed to circulate between the suc..

cessive bags and assist in cooling the rosin vcontially increased without departing from this phase of the present invention.

It is highly desirable in carrying'out the pres- 4 ent invention that the temperature of the rosin be sufficient to enable the rosin to be easily poura'ble and insufficient to cause the rosin to be absorbed by the bag I5 to any substantial extent. Since fairly pure rosin, that is rosin that does not have much turpentine or water left therein, has a softening point of around 158 F., it is desirable that the rosin should not be cooled lower than about 150 F. In other words, the rosin, in order to carry out the present invention, must run and even if a minor proportion o! the rosin is solid, there will be a mixture of solid and liquid which is pourable. When operating with a fairly pure rosin, the rosin or resin would ordinarily be delivered to the receiving vats 5 and 6 at a temperature varying between 290 and 325 F.

Under some circumstances, the temperature may be somewhat higher or somewhat lower. The

' rosin after passage to the cooling vat 9 is preferably allowed to cool to a temperature which will inhibit or minimize the absorption of the rosin by the bag material, as hereinbefore stated.

Employing a four (4) or live (5) ply paper' container madey of kraft paper, it has been ascertained that it is preferable to -cool the rosin to between about 240 F. and 275 or 315 F. Working within this temperature range, and with the kraft paper bag, preferably one having no fibers protruding therefrom, as before set forth, it has been ascertained that the use of this temperature range inhibited any substantial absorption of the rosin by the paper. This temperature range is the preferred temperature range at which the present invention may be carried out, although the invention, in itsl broadest aspect, may be carried out with rosin having a temperature between 150 and 350 F. It is exceedingly diflicult to express the limits of theinvention in terms of actual temperature, and, moreover, it is; not necessary. aspect of the invention resides in correlatingthe temperature at which the rosin is poured with the absorption characteristics ofthe bag `or cartonmaterial, so that at the temperature utilized, there is no substantial absorption of the rosin by and -through the bag. This is the difficulty that must be overcome and the criterion has been herein set forth, whereby the desired inhibition of absorption by the paper bag is attained. As a rule, however, the higher the temperature, the greater the tendency of the paper bag to stick tothe words, the filling operation is ystarted'at the Ine" tentofreach bag. While the spacingof'the suc` cessive bags about one inch apart has given satis- Y factory results, it is obvious that this spacing. distance indicated by J in Figure 6, may be substanmaximuin temperature compatible with the character of the bag employed and the temperature decreases as successive bags are filled,

the lower temperature being, as stated, in the neighborhood ofthe softening pointof the rosin, or lust a little below. There is an advantage in utilizing lower temperatures ofpouring, as the colder the rosin is poured, the Vhigher the pound' age content of the lbag for a given volume.

solldines the rosin and seais up any open crevices.

Instead of the vrosin in bags, the rosin may be packaged in a carton 33, such as shown in Figure' 10. caitonfmay be made of any suitabiematerial having the non-absorptive properties herein set forth, theiinner surfnce ofthe material substantially no fibers protruding; therefrom; It has been' stated that the carton may have kthe composite-maiet rial, for example, the body of the carton, made up of corrugated board and providedwith 100% kraft liners which have been calendered to provide ahard surface, or the carton may be provided with, instead of liners, anintegral inner surface in which no ilbers are present to intermingle with the solidified rosin. Preferably,

-the carton is supplied with 'an integrally closed bottom. However, if desired, the bottom member may be of a flap type, and then it is necessary to seal the bottom members in any suitable manner. The carton is mst inserted in a supporting frame similar to frame IB- except that the side walls of the supporting frame is constructed to prevent the carton walls from bulging outwardly. The supporting frame may have solid walls although as hereinafter pointed out, semi-open walls may be used, the walls preventing the bulging out while .at the same time facilitating cooling. It is desirable that the side walls of the supporting frame function to prevent the side walls of the carton from bulging out because the carton 33 should preferably remain in the supporting frame until the rosin solidiiles. As stated, if the supporting frame has completely open .side walls, then there will be a tendency for the rosin as it solidiiles to bulge out the walls ofY the carton. Similarly, if the carton 33 with its rosin content is removed from the supporting frame prior to the substantially complete solidiiication of the rosin, the sides of the carton will bulge out due to the action ofthe liquid rosin.

The carton 33 is allowed to remain in its supporting frame for a period of from approximately 12 to 18 hours, depending on the temperature of the atmosphere. The above gure is simply illustrative, and is not by way of limitation, as obviously the time of cooling and solidiflcation of therosin -will depend on the characteristics of the rosin, the temperature of the cooling medium, and to some extent the conductive characteristics of the carton material. After the carton 33', the latter Acontaining a charge of about 100 pounds,` has completely cooled and solidified, the top portion of the carfunction to prevent the side walls of the carton from bulging out because the carton 33 should preferably remain in the supporting frame until out due to the action of the liquid rosin.

'I 'he carton 33 is allowed to remain in the supporting frame 34 for a period of from approximately twelve .(12) te eighteen (1a) hours. de-

pending on the temperature o f the atmosphere, and the temperature at which the rosin may be initially introduced into the carton. The above figure is simply illustrative and is not by way of limitation, as obviouslyY the time of cooling and solidication oi' the rosin will depend on the characteristics of the rosin, the temperature of the cooling medium, and to some extent the conductive characteristics of the carton material. It is desired to point out that rosin is a poor conductor of heat. After the carton 33 containing a charge of about one hundred (100) pounds, has been completely cooled and solidied, the top, front and rear ilaps 40, 4I, 42 and 43 are closed and a sealing strip 44 placed across the closed front and rear ilaps so as to seal the closure space between the adjacent inner edge walls of the flap members 42l and 43. The carton is then ready for shipment.

The time of the cooling of the carton inthe supporting frame may be greatly accelerated by placing the carton after lling .on a conveyor which passes through a. refrigerating chamber, regulated to quickly bring the temperature of the rosin down from around 240 to 280 F. to its point of solidiilcation.

Instead of using a. supporting frame, such as shown in Figure 1l, the pouring and cooling and solidiiication steps may be carried out while the carton 33 is positioned in a. supporting frame 4l,

as shown in Figure 12'. The supporting frame 45 on all its sides is provided with a heavy reinforced mesh wire 46, the wire having sufficient strength to prevent the carton sides from bulging out upon introduction of the rosin into the carton, said mesh sides simultaneously affording f -a carton is used, said materials being physically f.

and chemically non-reactive with the rosin or resin at a temperature varying between 150 and 350 F, and preferably between 150 and 240 to 280 F., or even higher, as around 315 F.. it is within the province of the present invention to tonY is closedand the carton is ready for shipuse any container as a cellulose base.` as for example, a paper base or a paper pulp base. It is recognized there may be mixed with the cellulose base constituents other ingredients, but these ingradients should also be'inert relative to the hot liquid or molten rosin. The container material must not char at the temperature of the molten rosin, or in any manner have its tensile strength reduced by contact with the molten rosin. Prefy erably," there should be little or no chemical iny teraction with the molten rosin.

While the present invention is particularly applicable to a container which is adapted upon closing to flatten out upon the i'low of hot liquid rosin therein, it may be broadly applied to any sti but flexible container which is adapted to have its shape changed by initiating a flow of the rosin content of the container.

while it has been stated that the msm should be introduced into the bag at a temperature below 350 F. andpreferably at or below 320 or 325 F. it is recognized that these upper limits may be somewhat departed from and still come within the spirit of the present invention. The upper limit may be around 300 or 310 or 320 F., but when the temperature rises about 350 F. the absorption of the rosin begins to increase, and for the best results, for rosin of the character herein set forth, the temperature should be maintained at less than 350 F. and preferably around 320-325 F. For wood rosin, the temperature should be maintained around 315 to 325 F. At low temperatures wood rosin has a tendency to crystallize if agitated or shaken and this makes the msm unmerchandiable..

The present invention may be canied out by providing a. bag which is sewn across most of its top portion, an entry port being left to receive the molten rosin. After the molten rosin is introduced `into the bag the top portion of the bag, which is not sewn, may be stapled together.

The present application is a continuation in part of applications Serial No. 174,677, now Patent No. 2,127,401, Serial No. 182,584, now Patent No. 2,259,035, and Serial No. 209,346, now Patent No. 2,127,402. I claim: 1. The method of packaging rosin comprising introducing hot liquid rosin into a cellulose base container, correlating the temperature at which the tendency of the container to stick to the rosin,

sewing the open end of the container to close the same, contacting the sewn end of the container with a minute quantity of water to cool and solidify therosin at and adjacent the sewn end of the container to thereby prevent seepage and cooling and solidifying the rosin-content of the container.

2. The method of packaging resin comprising introducing hot liquid rosin into a cellulose base container, correlating the temperature at which the rosin is poured into the container with the absorption characteristics of the container material, maintaining the temperature olf the rosin within such a range as to facilitate pouring while inhibiting any substantial absorption of the rosin by and through the container to thereby inhibit the tendency of the container to stick to the rosin, sewing the open end of the container to close the same, contacting the sewn end of the container with a minute quantity of water to cool and solidify the rosin at an adjacent the sewn endof the container to thereby prevent seepage and passing the container through a refrigerating chamber to cool and solidify the rosin-content of the package.

CHARLES CRUM GILLICAN. 

